2026 IJRSE – Volume 15 Issue 2
Available Online: 2 February 2026
Author/s:
Mendoza, Ganase Calixto
DepEd Philippines (mendozaganase471@gmail.com)
Abstract:
The study developed a training design for school heads and teachers of Cervantes and Suyo District of Schools Division of Ilocos Sur. Descriptive research design was used where 35 respondents were involved. A questionnaire checklist was used to gather data. Frequency count and mean was used in the analysis and interpretation of data gathered. Findings revealed that the degree of seriousness of the challenges experienced by the school heads and teachers in the implementation of School-based Management along: Leadership and Governance; Accountability and Continuous learning; Curriculum and Learning; Management of Resources and Adherence to SBM Principles were moderately serious; the training design was developed based on the result of the study to address the challenges on implementing the SBM Principles; and the training design was very highly acceptable. From the findings, conclusions were drawn: School leaders and teachers experienced difficulties in implementing the principles of School-based management, and these issues are essential factors that must be addressed for effective school management and improvement; the proposed training design is acceptable for use. The following are the recommendations offered: School heads and teachers may attend further capacity building programs regarding SBM in order to become more knowledgeable and improve their SBM level of practice. The proposed training design is strongly recommended. Teachers and future researchers are encouraged to look for other variables related to challenges on SBM implementation.
Keywords: challenges, school-based management, principles, practice, training design
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2026.26021
Cite this article:
Mendoza, G. C. (2026). Challenges in implementing school-based management: Basis for a training design. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 15(2), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2026.26021