Qualitative insights into online-based learning barriers: The case of social studies majors during the community quarantine

2025 IJRSE – Volume 14 Issue 12

Available Online:  22 June 2025

Author/s:

Catama, Bryan V.*
School of Teacher Education and Liberal Arts, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines (bvcatama@slu.edu.ph)

Sonza, Mary Linda A.
Dinangwatan, Kezzel S.
Lucas, Ryza Daphne B.
Marungoy, Louella Grace B.
Par-Ogan, Maureen S.
Peng-as, Joni A.
Peñafiel, Justine Kean D.
Sacyaten, Wylleth Praise G.
Villanueva, Jaycelane S.

Abstract:

Online learning became the primary mode of instruction for many universities during the COVID-19 pandemic, but little is known about how this shift affected students in the social sciences in developing countries. This study explored the barriers faced by Social Studies majors in the Philippines as they navigated online-based learning during the government-mandated community quarantine. A qualitative phenomenological design was used, drawing on semi-structured interviews with 23 undergraduate students in a Higher Education Institution (HEI). The data were coded and analyzed thematically to capture the range of student experiences. The analysis revealed six main themes: digital and technical access issues, environmental distractions, academic workload pressure, physical and mental health problems, instructional and communication gaps, and socioeconomic or personal challenges. Students reported that these interconnected barriers significantly limited their ability to engage and succeed in online classes. The study underscores the need for educational policies and interventions that are sensitive to the unique demands of specific disciplines and student populations. Responsive strategies that address both academic and non-academic needs will be critical in improving the quality and fairness of online education in similar contexts.

Keywords: online learning, digital divide, social sciences, COVID-19, student engagement

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2025.25183

Cite this article:
Catama, B. V., Sonza, M. L. A., Dinangwatan, K. S., Lucas, R. D. B., Marungoy, L. G. B., Par-Ogan, M. S., Peng-as, J. A., Peñafiel, J. K. D., Sacyaten, W. P. G., &  Villanueva, J. S. (2025). Qualitative insights into online-based learning barriers: The case of social studies majors during the community quarantine. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 14(12), 45-59.  https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2025.25183

* Corresponding Author