2026 IJRSE – Volume 15 Issue 5
Available Online: 3 March 2026
Author/s:
Reyes, Jimmy D.*
Nueva Vizcaya State University, Philippines (frjdreyes@yahoo.com)
Ordoñez, Arcadia Alice T.
Nueva Vizcaya State University, Philippines (arcadiaalice1965@gmail.com)
Abstract:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in selected Indigenous communities in the barangays of Minuli, Capintalan, Putlan, and Salazar in Carranglan, Nueva Ecija during the fiscal year 2025. Specifically, it examined the program’s implementation across four dimensions: program accessibility and delivery, education and health compliance outcomes, socioeconomic upliftment, and cultural sensitivity and community empowerment. It also identified implementation barriers and explored opportunities for enhancing inclusive and culturally responsive socioeconomic development. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing quantitative data from 91 program beneficiaries gathered through a structured survey questionnaire and qualitative data derived from open-ended responses. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative narratives were examined through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that the 4Ps implementation in the selected barangays was generally effective (M = 3.86), with cultural sensitivity and community empowerment demonstrating the highest level of implementation, followed by socioeconomic upliftment, program accessibility and delivery, and education and health compliance outcomes. Despite positive outcomes, challenges related to payout delays, service accessibility, monitoring mechanisms, and livelihood sustainability were identified. Beneficiaries emphasized that while cash transfers address immediate needs, long-term socioeconomic improvement depends on integrated strategies that promote skills development, livelihood opportunities, participatory governance, and Indigenous leadership involvement. The study concludes that the effectiveness of social protection programs in Indigenous communities extends beyond financial assistance and requires culturally grounded, empowerment-oriented, and economically enabling interventions. The findings provide insights for local government units and policymakers in designing inclusive, sustainable, and community-centered social development initiatives that strengthen resilience, equity, and self-reliance among marginalized populations.
Keywords: indigenous communities, pantawid pamilyang pilipino program, community empowerment
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2026.26089
Cite this article:
Reyes, J. D., & Ordoñez, A. A. T. (2026). Effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in uplifting indigenous communities in Carranglan, Nueva Ecija: Implementation barriers and socioeconomic opportunities. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 15(5), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2026.26089
* Corresponding Author