Achievement and perceived effectiveness of Filipino as a medium of instruction among Grade 11 students in pag-aaral ng kasaysayan at lipunang Pilipino

2026 IJRSE – Volume 15 Issue 17

Available Online:  23 July 2026

Author/s:

De Mesa, Alvin R.*
Leyte Normal University, Philippines (ar_demesa@ymail.com)

Gerilla, Nicole L.
Leyte Normal University, Philippines (nicolegerilla19@gmail.com)

Abstract:

This study focused on the achievement and perceived effectiveness of Filipino as a medium of instruction among Grade 11 students in Pag-aaral ng Kasaysayan at Lipunang Pilipino using combined pre-experimental (one-group pretest-posttest) and descriptive correlational research designs. The respondents comprised a single class of 28 Grade 11 students. Data from validated 30-item pre-test and post-test, alongside a 5-point Likert scale survey questionnaire, were analyzed using Jamovi software. Institutional ethical approval and participant informed consents were strictly secured. The result revealed a low level of student prior knowledge in the pre-test (Mean = 16.1, SD = 4.48), which rose markedly in the post-test (Mean = 20.3, SD = 3.64) following instruction in Filipino. A paired samples t-test confirmed this improvement was statistically significant (t (27) = -7.41, p < .001) yielding a very large effect size (Cohen’s d = -1.40). Comparatively, students highly recognized the effectiveness of Filipino as an instructional medium (Overall Mean = 4.05, SD = 0.395). However, Pearson correlation indicated a weak, non-significant relationship between students’ perception of the language and their actual post-test performance, r (26) = .207, p = .291. This mismatch is consistent with Cummins’ Linguistic Interdependence Hypothesis, suggesting that basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) do not automatically translate into cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP). The study recommends continuing the use of Filipino as a medium of instruction, paired with localized materials and specialized reading comprehension strategies.

Keywords: linguistic interdependence hypothesis, reading comprehension, pre-experimental design, Filipino language proficiency, araling panlipunan

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2026.26335

Cite this article:
De Mesa, A. R., & Gerilla, N. L. (2026). Achievement and perceived effectiveness of Filipino as a medium of instruction among Grade 11 students in pag-aaral ng kasaysayan at lipunang Pilipino. International Journal of Research Studies in Education, 15(17), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrse.2026.26335

* Corresponding Author